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[Huizhou Cultural Context·Miscellaneous Talk] Li Hongzhang Babaylan Cloth in the Great Changes of the Late Qing Dynasty: Breakthroughs and Dilemmas of Pathfinders in Modernization

Li HongCinema 1950 witch cloth draw Chapter Stills

Text/Yangcheng Evening News Reporter Xia Yang

From the Opium War in 1840, China has gradually become a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, and the Chinese nation is facing “a major change that has not been seen in three thousand years.”

Although the signing of the Sino-British Nanjing Treaty was deprived of power and humiliating the country, the contradictions between China and foreign countries reached a temporary balance. At this time, China should have learned from the pain and seized the opportunity to work hard. But then welcoming a series of domestic and foreign wars. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement had not yet subsided, and the Second Opium War broke out again, and the British and French coalition forces fought all the way from southern China to Beijing.

Modern China has been repeatedly invaded by foreign enemies  Data picture

Faced with internal and external difficulties and national dangers, China is exploring the way to survive reform. Western forces opened the door to China with their strong ships and powerful cannons, making the “Boss Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw“>Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw‘s strong ships and cannons, making the “Boss Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw Empire” realize that they are really behind. Therefore, Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan’s pioneering ideas of “opening their eyes to the world” gradually gained more recognition, and the call for learning from the West has gradually become a social trend.

Learn from the WestKomiks 1960 witch cloth drawThis is the path of modernization in China. However, what to learn and how to learn tests the ruling people at that time.

Empress Dowager Cixi Stills

In this great change, standing at the bow of the Qing Dynasty, the most capable of deciding the bigThere are two key figures in the course of the ship: one is Empress Dowager Cixi, who began to rule from behind the curtain in 1861 until her death in 1908. In the past half century, she was the master of the Qing Dynasty.

The other is Li Hongzhang, a “major official of ZTE”. He rose step by step in the war to wipe out the Taiping Army and the Nian Army in the 1860s, and he held the internal and diplomatic power of the Qing government for a long time until he died of illness in 1901. He was regarded by Japanese Prime Minister Hirofumi Ito as “the only person in the Qing Empire who was capable of competing with the world’s powers” and Empress Dowager Cixi also regarded him as “a person who recreated Xuanhuang.”

Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawLi Hongzhang, a senior official of the late Qing Dynasty, Babaylan 1990 cloth drawData picture

What to learn from the WestKomiks 1960 witch cloth draw? Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawThe repeated failures of foreign wars, Li Hongzhang and other leaders of the Westernization faction all had a dream of enriching the country and strengthening the army. Therefore, they proposed to “learn from the barbarians’ strengths to control the barbarians” and started from a technical level.

Under his efforts, the Westernization Movement was vigorously carried out, and a large number of military and civil industries such as ordnance, shipbuilding, railways, mining, textiles, and telegraphs were quickly created, and the “official supervision and business” method was adopted to attract private capital to do practical work.

The Westernization Movement laid a certain foundation for modern industrial. Data picture

Not disdain, the Westernization Movement has achieved great results. With the help of the latecomer advantage, China’s short-term development in economy, science and technology, concepts, etc. in time, quickly laid a certain industrial foundation for traditional agricultural countries, and profoundly changed the lives of the people.

In 1888, China’s first modern fleet, the Beiyang Navy, officially formed an army and became the most powerful naval force in Asia. This was the peak period of the Westernization Movement, known in history as “Tongguang Zhongxing”. Undoubtedly, Li Hongzhang was the “Zhongxing MinisterCinema 1950 witch cloth draw“. The whole country is complacent of the results of the Westernization Movement. Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw‘s achievements are filled with the results of the Westernization Movement. Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw, believing that learning from the West has been a great success.

Beiyang Water Master Stills

However, it is this superficial effect that covers up the existing problems.

The Westernization Movement’s path to enrich the country and strengthen the army has great limitations from the beginning. They are positioned as “middle school as the body and Western learning as the purpose”, but they still cannot let go of the superiority of the old empire, and only want to learn to decorate the facade, but have not touched the system. The fundamental issues such as draw. It is a good reference system for Japan, which started learning from the West two years later than the Qing government. It is also a learning from the West,Japan carried out the Meiji Restoration, and comprehensively learned from economy, military to politics, education, etc., and carried out relatively thorough social improvements to Japan.

So, China and Japan, as “classmates”, gradually opened the gap. Japan quickly completed the process of modernization and rose to become a powerful country in East Asia. The economic and social development momentum of the Qing Dynasty was quickly constrained by the corrupt political system. The lesson of the painful Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw came again. After Japan’s rise, it launched the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. The North, known as the No. 1950 witch cloth draw, was wiped out, which also declared the bankruptcy of the Westernization Movement. From then on, Chinese society fell into deeper darkness.

China-Japan Navy Battle 1895 Stills

In modern Chinese history, the second half of the 19th century was an excellent development opportunity, why didn’t I seize it better? Although this is restricted and hindered by conservative forces, Li Hongzhang, who are knowledgeable and strive to guide China’s progress, obviously there is a responsibility that cannot be shirked.

Looking back on history based on the present, the twists and limitations in China’s exploration of the road to modernization are sad.

The times have limitations, and individuals have limitations. The late Qing Empire’s domestic and foreign affairs were in trouble, Babaylan 1990 clothes drawThere are many holes, and Li Hongzhang alone has managed the crisis and exhausted his efforts, which can be considered fulfilling his mission. But he did not seize this good opportunity to accelerate modernization and failed to complete the modernization process through peaceful improvement. He finally had some regrets. Babaylan 1990 cloth draw

Modern China Data Picture

After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Chinese nation stumbled into the 20th century. In the following half century, the Chinese people set off a wave of reform and revolution, and continued to explore the path of rejuvenation and power in the midst of war.

Source | Yangcheng Evening News·Editor of Yangcheng School | Xia Yang

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